Environmental controls on soil CO2 flux following fire in black spruce, white spruce, and aspen stands of interior Alaska
نویسندگان
چکیده
Boreal forests contain large amounts of stored soil carbon and are susceptible to periodic disturbance by wildfire. This study evaluates the relationship between post-fire changes in soil temperature, moisture, and CO2 exchange in paired burned and control stands of three Alaskan forest systems: Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, and Populus tremuloides Michx. In these systems, the environmental factor that most directly controlled rates of carbon exchange varied depending upon burn status and soil drainage. In mature unburned stands, CO2 flux was highly correlated with seasonal patterns of soil temperature. Following fire, these soils became significantly warmer, and carbon exchange became more sensitive to fluctuations in surface moisture conditions. The effect of fire on soil climate was most pronounced in the P. mariana stands, which experienced a mean seasonal temperature increase of 5–8°C in the upper 1 m of the soil profile, a 200% increase in the rate of active layer thaw, and a reduction in mean surface moisture potential. Evidence from soil CO2 profiles suggests that these environmental changes may have resulted in enhanced decomposition of carbon previously immobilized by permafrost, potentially transforming a landscape that was once a net sink for carbon into a carbon source. Résumé : Les forêts boréales dont le sol recèle de grandes quantités de carbone sont périodiquement perturbées par le feu. Cette étude évalue la relation entre les perturbations qui surviennent après feu dans la température et l’humidité du sol et les échanges de CO2 dans des peuplements témoins et des brûlis jumelés appartenant à trois écosystèmes forestiers en Alaska : Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss et Populus tremuloides Michx. Dans ces trois écosystèmes, le facteur environnemental qui contrôle le plus directement le taux d’échange de carbone varie selon le drainage et le fait qu’il y ait eu ou non un feu. Dans les peuplements matures non brûlés, le flux de CO2 est étroitement corrélé aux patrons saisonniers de température du sol. Après un feu, la température de ces sols s’élève et les échanges de carbone deviennent plus sensibles aux fluctuations du taux d’humidité en surface. L’effet du feu sur le climat du sol est le plus prononcé dans les peuplements de P. mariana qui subissent une augmentation de la température moyenne saisonnière de 5 à 8 °C dans le premier mètre du profil de sol, une augmentation de 200 % dans le taux de dégel de l’horizon actif et une diminution du potentiel hydrique moyen en surface. Des indices provenant des profils de CO2 du sol indiquent que ces changements environnementaux ont pu entraîner une augmentation de la décomposition du carbone qui était immobilisé dans le pergélisol, transformant possiblement un paysage qui était jadis un puits de carbone en source de carbone. [Traduit par la Rédaction] O’Neill et al. 1541
منابع مشابه
Controls over pathways of carbon efflux from soils along climate and black spruce productivity gradients in interior Alaska
Small changes in C cycling in boreal forests can change the sign of their C balance, so it is important to gain an understanding of the factors controlling small exports like water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fluxes from the soils in these systems. To examine this, we estimated WSOC fluxes based on measured concentrations along four replicate gradients in upland black spruce (Picea mariana [M...
متن کاملWhite Spruce Meets Black Spruce: Dispersal, Postfire Establishment, and Growth in a Warming Climate
Local distributions of black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) are largely determined by edaphic and topographic factors in the interior of Alaska, with black spruce dominant on moist permafrost sites and white spruce dominant on drier upland sites. Given the recent evidence for climate warming and permafrost degradation, the distribution of white spruce is expected to expa...
متن کاملModeling soil thermal and carbon dynamics of a fire chronosequence in interior Alaska
[1] In this study, the dynamics of soil thermal, hydrologic, and ecosystem processes were coupled to project how the carbon budgets of boreal forests will respond to changes in atmospheric CO2, climate, and fire disturbance. The ability of the model to simulate gross primary production and ecosystem respiration was verified for a mature black spruce ecosystem in Canada, the age-dependent patter...
متن کاملThe effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate
Fire is an important factor controlling the composition and thickness of the organic layer in the black spruce forest ecosystems of interior Alaska. Fire that burns the organic layer can trigger dramatic changes in the underlying permafrost, leading to accelerated ground thawing within a relatively short time. In this study, we addressed the following questions. (1) Which factors determine post...
متن کاملAssessing spatial and temporal variations in surface soil moisture in fire-disturbed black spruce forests in Interior Alaska using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar imagery— Implications for post-fire tree recruitment
Recent studies [Bourgeau-Chavez, L.L., Kasischke, E.S., Riordan, K., Brunzell, S.M., Nolan, M., Hyer, E.J., Slawski, J.J., Medvecz, M., Walters, T., and Ames, S. (in press). Remote monitoring of spatial and temporal surface soil moisture in fire disturbed boreal forest ecosystems with ERS SAR imagery. Int. J. Rem. Sens.] demonstrated that ERS SAR imagery can be used to estimate surface soil moi...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
دوره شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2002